#342 Initial BigTIFF support

imageio/imageio-metadata/src/main/java/com/twelvemonkeys/imageio/metadata/tiff/TIFF.java

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ public interface TIFF {
     short BYTE_ORDER_MARK_LITTLE_ENDIAN = ('I' << 8) | 'I';
 
     int TIFF_MAGIC = 42;
+    int BIGTIFF_MAGIC = 43;
 
     short TYPE_BYTE = 1;
     short TYPE_ASCII = 2;
@@ -56,6 +57,10 @@ public interface TIFF {
     short TYPE_FLOAT = 11;
     short TYPE_DOUBLE = 12;
     short TYPE_IFD = 13;
+    // BigTIFF
+    short TYPE_LONG8 = 16;
+    short TYPE_SLONG8 = 17;
+    short TYPE_IFD8 = 18;
     /*
     1 = BYTE 8-bit unsigned integer.
     2 = ASCII 8-bit byte that contains a 7-bit ASCII code; the last byte

imageio/imageio-metadata/src/main/java/com/twelvemonkeys/imageio/metadata/tiff/TIFFEntry.java

@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ public final class TIFFEntry extends AbstractEntry {
         throw new UnsupportedOperationException(String.format("Method guessType not implemented for type %s", value.getClass()));
     }
 
-    static int getValueLength(final int pType, final int pCount) {
+    static long getValueLength(final int pType, final long pCount) {
         if (pType > 0 && pType < TIFF.TYPE_LENGTHS.length) {
             return TIFF.TYPE_LENGTHS[pType] * pCount;
         }

imageio/imageio-metadata/src/main/java/com/twelvemonkeys/imageio/metadata/tiff/TIFFReader.java

@@ -59,6 +59,8 @@ public final class TIFFReader extends MetadataReader {
     final static boolean DEBUG = "true".equalsIgnoreCase(System.getProperty("com.twelvemonkeys.imageio.metadata.exif.debug"));
 
     static final Collection<Integer> KNOWN_IFDS = Collections.unmodifiableCollection(Arrays.asList(TIFF.TAG_EXIF_IFD, TIFF.TAG_GPS_IFD, TIFF.TAG_INTEROP_IFD, TIFF.TAG_SUB_IFD));
+    private boolean longOffsets;
+    private int offsetSize;
 
     @Override
     public Directory read(final ImageInputStream input) throws IOException {
@@ -77,18 +79,41 @@ public final class TIFFReader extends MetadataReader {
             throw new IIOException(String.format("Invalid TIFF byte order mark '%s', expected: 'II' or 'MM'", StringUtil.decode(bom, 0, bom.length, "ASCII")));
         }
 
-        // TODO: BigTiff uses version 43 instead of TIFF's 42, and header is slightly different, see
+        // BigTiff uses version 43 instead of TIFF's 42, and header is slightly different, see
         // http://www.awaresystems.be/imaging/tiff/bigtiff.html
         int magic = input.readUnsignedShort();
-        if (magic != TIFF.TIFF_MAGIC) {
+        if (magic == TIFF.TIFF_MAGIC) {
-            throw new IIOException(String.format("Wrong TIFF magic in EXIF data: %04x, expected: %04x", magic, TIFF.TIFF_MAGIC));
+            longOffsets = false;
+            offsetSize = 4;
+        }
+        else if (magic == TIFF.BIGTIFF_MAGIC) {
+            longOffsets = true;
+            offsetSize = 8;
+
+            // Just validate we're ok
+            int offsetSize = input.readUnsignedShort();
+            if (offsetSize != 8) {
+                throw new IIOException(String.format("Unexpected BigTIFF offset size: %04x, expected: %04x", offsetSize, 8));
+            }
+
+            int padding = input.readUnsignedShort();
+            if (padding != 0) {
+                throw new IIOException(String.format("Unexpected BigTIFF padding: %04x, expected: %04x", padding, 0));
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            throw new IIOException(String.format("Wrong TIFF magic in input data: %04x, expected: %04x", magic, TIFF.TIFF_MAGIC));
         }
 
-        long directoryOffset = input.readUnsignedInt();
+        long directoryOffset = readOffset(input);
 
         return readDirectory(input, directoryOffset, true);
     }
 
+    private long readOffset(final ImageInputStream input) throws IOException {
+        return longOffsets ? input.readLong() : input.readUnsignedInt();
+    }
+
     // TODO: Consider re-writing so that the linked IFD parsing is done externally to the method
     protected Directory readDirectory(final ImageInputStream pInput, final long pOffset, final boolean readLinked) throws IOException {
         List<IFD> ifds = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -97,14 +122,7 @@ public final class TIFFReader extends MetadataReader {
         pInput.seek(pOffset);
         long nextOffset = -1;
 
-        int entryCount;
+        long entryCount = readEntryCount(pInput);
-        try {
-            entryCount = pInput.readUnsignedShort();
-        }
-        catch (EOFException e) {
-            // Treat EOF here as empty Sub-IFD
-            entryCount = 0;
-        }
 
         for (int i = 0; i < entryCount; i++) {
             try {
@@ -122,7 +140,7 @@ public final class TIFFReader extends MetadataReader {
         if (readLinked) {
             if (nextOffset == -1) {
                 try {
-                    nextOffset = pInput.readUnsignedInt();
+                    nextOffset = readOffset(pInput);
                 }
                 catch (EOFException e) {
                     // catch EOF here as missing EOF marker
@@ -150,6 +168,16 @@ public final class TIFFReader extends MetadataReader {
         return new TIFFDirectory(ifds);
     }
 
+    private long readEntryCount(final ImageInputStream pInput) throws IOException {
+        try {
+            return longOffsets ? pInput.readLong() : pInput.readUnsignedShort();
+        }
+        catch (EOFException e) {
+            // Treat EOF here as empty Sub-IFD
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
     // TODO: Might be better to leave this for client code, as it's tempting go really overboard and support any possible embedded format..
     private void readSubdirectories(ImageInputStream input, List<Entry> entries, List<Integer> subIFDIds) throws IOException {
         if (subIFDIds == null || subIFDIds.isEmpty()) {
@@ -215,31 +243,27 @@ public final class TIFFReader extends MetadataReader {
             offsets = (long[]) value;
         }
         else {
-            throw new IIOException(String.format("Unknown pointer type: %s", (value != null
+            throw new IIOException(String.format("Unknown pointer type: %s", value != null ? value.getClass() : null));
-                                                                              ? value.getClass()
-                                                                              : null)));
         }
 
         return offsets;
     }
 
     private TIFFEntry readEntry(final ImageInputStream pInput) throws IOException {
-        // TODO: BigTiff entries are different
         int tagId = pInput.readUnsignedShort();
         short type = pInput.readShort();
-
+        int count = readValueCount(pInput); // Number of values
-        int count = pInput.readInt(); // Number of values
 
         // It's probably a spec violation to have count 0, but we'll be lenient about it
         if (count < 0) {
             throw new IIOException(String.format("Illegal count %d for tag %s type %s @%08x", count, tagId, type, pInput.getStreamPosition()));
         }
 
-        if (type <= 0 || type > 13) {
+        if (!isValidType(type)) {
             pInput.skipBytes(4); // read Value
 
             // Invalid tag, this is just for debugging
-            long offset = pInput.getStreamPosition() - 12l;
+            long offset = pInput.getStreamPosition() - 12L;
 
             if (DEBUG) {
                 System.err.printf("Bad EXIF data @%08x\n", pInput.getStreamPosition());
@@ -266,22 +290,37 @@ public final class TIFFReader extends MetadataReader {
             return null;
         }
 
-        int valueLength = getValueLength(type, count);
+        long valueLength = getValueLength(type, count);
 
         Object value;
-        // TODO: For BigTiff allow size > 4 && <= 8 in addition
+        if (valueLength > 0 && valueLength <= offsetSize) {
-        if (valueLength > 0 && valueLength <= 4) {
             value = readValueInLine(pInput, type, count);
-            pInput.skipBytes(4 - valueLength);
+            pInput.skipBytes(offsetSize - valueLength);
         }
         else {
-            long valueOffset = pInput.readUnsignedInt(); // This is the *value* iff the value size is <= 4 bytes
+            long valueOffset = readOffset(pInput); // This is the *value* iff the value size is <= 4 bytes
             value = readValueAt(pInput, valueOffset, type, count);
         }
 
         return new TIFFEntry(tagId, type, value);
     }
 
+    private boolean isValidType(final short type) {
+        return type > 0 && type < TIFF.TYPE_LENGTHS.length && TIFF.TYPE_LENGTHS[type] > 0;
+    }
+
+    private int readValueCount(final ImageInputStream pInput) throws IOException {
+        return assertIntCount(longOffsets ? pInput.readLong() : pInput.readUnsignedInt());
+    }
+
+    private int assertIntCount(final long count) throws IOException {
+        if (count > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IIOException(String.format("Unsupported TIFF value count value: %s > Integer.MAX_VALUE", count));
+        }
+
+        return (int) count;
+    }
+
     private Object readValueAt(final ImageInputStream pInput, final long pOffset, final short pType, final int pCount) throws IOException {
         long pos = pInput.getStreamPosition();
         try {
@@ -423,16 +462,17 @@ public final class TIFFReader extends MetadataReader {
                 return srationals;
 
             // BigTiff:
-            case 16: // LONG8
+            case TIFF.TYPE_LONG8:
-            case 17: // SLONG8
+            case TIFF.TYPE_SLONG8:
-            case 18: // IFD8
+            case TIFF.TYPE_IFD8:
                 // TODO: Assert BigTiff (version == 43)
 
                 if (pCount == 1) {
                     long val = pInput.readLong();
-                    if (pType != 17 && val < 0) {
+                    if (pType != TIFF.TYPE_SLONG8 && val < 0) {
                         throw new IIOException(String.format("Value > %s", Long.MAX_VALUE));
                     }
+
                     return val;
                 }
 
@@ -459,6 +499,17 @@ public final class TIFFReader extends MetadataReader {
     }
 
     public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
+//        if (true) {
+//            ImageInputStream stream = ImageIO.createImageInputStream(new File(args[0]));
+//
+//            byte[] b = new byte[Math.min((int) stream.length(), 1024)];
+//            stream.readFully(b);
+//
+//            System.err.println(HexDump.dump(b));
+//
+//            return;
+//        }
+//
         TIFFReader reader = new TIFFReader();
         ImageInputStream stream = ImageIO.createImageInputStream(new File(args[0]));
 

imageio/imageio-metadata/src/main/java/com/twelvemonkeys/imageio/metadata/tiff/TIFFWriter.java

@@ -163,15 +163,11 @@ public final class TIFFWriter extends MetadataWriter {
         return WORD_LENGTH + computeDataSize(new IFD(directory)) + directory.size() * ENTRY_LENGTH;
     }
 
-    public long computeIFDOffsetSize(final Collection<Entry> directory) {
-        return computeDataSize(new IFD(directory)) + LONGWORD_LENGTH;
-    }
-
     private long computeDataSize(final Directory directory) {
         long dataSize = 0;
 
         for (Entry entry : directory) {
-            int length = getValueLength(getType(entry), getCount(entry));
+            long length = getValueLength(getType(entry), getCount(entry));
 
             if (length < 0) {
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("Unknown size for entry %s", entry));
@@ -229,13 +225,13 @@ public final class TIFFWriter extends MetadataWriter {
 
     private long writeValue(final Entry entry, final long dataOffset, final ImageOutputStream stream) throws IOException {
         short type = getType(entry);
-        int valueLength = getValueLength(type, getCount(entry));
+        long valueLength = getValueLength(type, getCount(entry));
 
         if (valueLength <= LONGWORD_LENGTH) {
             writeValueInline(entry.getValue(), type, stream);
 
             // Pad
-            for (int i = valueLength; i < LONGWORD_LENGTH; i++) {
+            for (long i = valueLength; i < LONGWORD_LENGTH; i++) {
                 stream.write(0);
             }
 

imageio/imageio-tiff/src/main/java/com/twelvemonkeys/imageio/plugins/tiff/BigTIFFImageReaderSpi.java

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2012, Harald Kuhr
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name "TwelveMonkeys" nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
+ * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+ * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+ * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+ * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+ * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+package com.twelvemonkeys.imageio.plugins.tiff;
+
+import com.twelvemonkeys.imageio.metadata.tiff.TIFF;
+import com.twelvemonkeys.imageio.spi.ImageReaderSpiBase;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/**
+ * BigTIFFImageReaderSpi.
+ * <p/>
+ * This is a separate service provider for the BigTIFF format, to support
+ * special cases where one does not want BigTIFF support.
+ *
+ * @author <a href="mailto:harald.kuhr@gmail.com">Harald Kuhr</a>
+ * @author last modified by $Author: haraldk$
+ * @version $Id: BigTIFFImageReaderSpi.java,v 1.0 08.05.12 15:14 haraldk Exp$
+ */
+public final class BigTIFFImageReaderSpi extends ImageReaderSpiBase {
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@code BigTIFFImageReaderSpi}.
+     */
+    public BigTIFFImageReaderSpi() {
+        super(new BigTIFFProviderInfo());
+    }
+
+    public boolean canDecodeInput(final Object pSource) throws IOException {
+        return TIFFImageReaderSpi.canDecodeAs(pSource, TIFF.BIGTIFF_MAGIC);
+    }
+
+    public TIFFImageReader createReaderInstance(final Object pExtension) {
+        return new TIFFImageReader(this);
+    }
+
+    public String getDescription(final Locale pLocale) {
+        return "BigTIFF image reader";
+    }
+}

imageio/imageio-tiff/src/main/java/com/twelvemonkeys/imageio/plugins/tiff/BigTIFFProviderInfo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package com.twelvemonkeys.imageio.plugins.tiff;
+
+import com.twelvemonkeys.imageio.spi.ReaderWriterProviderInfo;
+
+/**
+ * BigTIFFProviderInfo.
+ *
+ * @author <a href="mailto:harald.kuhr@gmail.com">Harald Kuhr</a>
+ * @author last modified by $Author: harald.kuhr$
+ * @version $Id: BigTIFFProviderInfo.java,v 1.0 26/04/2017 harald.kuhr Exp$
+ */
+final class BigTIFFProviderInfo extends ReaderWriterProviderInfo {
+    protected BigTIFFProviderInfo() {
+        super(
+                BigTIFFProviderInfo.class,
+                new String[] {"bigtiff", "BigTIFF", "BIGTIFF"},
+                new String[] {"tif", "tiff", "btf", "tf8", "btiff"},
+                new String[] {
+                        "image/tiff", "image/x-tiff"
+                },
+                "com.twelvemonkeys.imageio.plugins.tiff.TIFFImageReader",
+                new String[] {"com.twelvemonkeys.imageio.plugins.tiff.BigTIFFImageReaderSpi"},
+                null,
+                null,
+                false, TIFFStreamMetadata.SUN_NATIVE_STREAM_METADATA_FORMAT_NAME, "com.twelvemonkeys.imageio.plugins.tiff.TIFFStreamMetadataFormat", null, null,
+                true, TIFFMedataFormat.SUN_NATIVE_IMAGE_METADATA_FORMAT_NAME, "com.twelvemonkeys.imageio.plugins.tiff.TIFFMedataFormat", null, null
+        );
+    }
+}

imageio/imageio-tiff/src/main/java/com/twelvemonkeys/imageio/plugins/tiff/TIFFImageReader.java

@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ public final class TIFFImageReader extends ImageReaderBase {
     private CompoundDirectory IFDs;
     private Directory currentIFD;
 
-    TIFFImageReader(final TIFFImageReaderSpi provider) {
+    TIFFImageReader(final ImageReaderSpi provider) {
         super(provider);
     }
 

imageio/imageio-tiff/src/main/java/com/twelvemonkeys/imageio/plugins/tiff/TIFFImageReaderSpi.java

@@ -71,6 +71,10 @@ public final class TIFFImageReaderSpi extends ImageReaderSpiBase {
     }
 
     public boolean canDecodeInput(final Object pSource) throws IOException {
+        return canDecodeAs(pSource, TIFF.TIFF_MAGIC);
+    }
+
+    static boolean canDecodeAs(final Object pSource, final int magic) throws IOException {
         if (!(pSource instanceof ImageInputStream)) {
             return false;
         }
@@ -95,11 +99,7 @@ public final class TIFFImageReaderSpi extends ImageReaderSpiBase {
                     return false;
                 }
 
-                // TODO: BigTiff uses version 43 instead of TIFF's 42, and header is slightly different, see
+                return stream.readUnsignedShort() == magic;
-                // http://www.awaresystems.be/imaging/tiff/bigtiff.html
-                int magic = stream.readUnsignedShort();
-
-                return magic == TIFF.TIFF_MAGIC;
             }
             finally {
                 stream.setByteOrder(originalOrder);

imageio/imageio-tiff/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/javax.imageio.spi.ImageReaderSpi

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 com.twelvemonkeys.imageio.plugins.tiff.TIFFImageReaderSpi
+com.twelvemonkeys.imageio.plugins.tiff.BigTIFFImageReaderSpi

imageio/imageio-tiff/src/test/java/com/twelvemonkeys/imageio/plugins/tiff/BigTIFFImageReaderTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package com.twelvemonkeys.imageio.plugins.tiff;
+
+import com.twelvemonkeys.imageio.util.ImageReaderAbstractTest;
+
+import javax.imageio.spi.ImageReaderSpi;
+import java.awt.*;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * BigTIFFImageReaderTest.
+ *
+ * @author <a href="mailto:harald.kuhr@gmail.com">Harald Kuhr</a>
+ * @author last modified by $Author: harald.kuhr$
+ * @version $Id: BigTIFFImageReaderTest.java,v 1.0 26/04/2017 harald.kuhr Exp$
+ */
+public class BigTIFFImageReaderTest extends ImageReaderAbstractTest<TIFFImageReader> {
+    private static final BigTIFFImageReaderSpi SPI = new BigTIFFImageReaderSpi();
+
+    @Override
+    protected List<TestData> getTestData() {
+        return Arrays.asList(
+                new TestData(getClassLoaderResource("/bigtiff/BigTIFF.tif"), new Dimension(64, 64)),
+                new TestData(getClassLoaderResource("/bigtiff/BigTIFFMotorola.tif"), new Dimension(64, 64)),
+                new TestData(getClassLoaderResource("/bigtiff/BigTIFFLong.tif"), new Dimension(64, 64)),
+                new TestData(getClassLoaderResource("/bigtiff/BigTIFFLong8.tif"), new Dimension(64, 64)),
+                new TestData(getClassLoaderResource("/bigtiff/BigTIFFMotorolaLongStrips.tif"), new Dimension(64, 64)),
+                new TestData(getClassLoaderResource("/bigtiff/BigTIFFLong8Tiles.tif"), new Dimension(64, 64)),
+                new TestData(getClassLoaderResource("/bigtiff/BigTIFFSubIFD4.tif"), new Dimension(64, 64)),
+                new TestData(getClassLoaderResource("/bigtiff/BigTIFFSubIFD8.tif"), new Dimension(64, 64))
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected ImageReaderSpi createProvider() {
+        return SPI;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Class<TIFFImageReader> getReaderClass() {
+        return TIFFImageReader.class;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected TIFFImageReader createReader() {
+        return SPI.createReaderInstance(null);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected List<String> getFormatNames() {
+        return Arrays.asList("bigtiff", "BigTIFF", "BIGTIFF");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected List<String> getSuffixes() {
+        return Arrays.asList("tif", "tiff", "btf", "tf8");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected List<String> getMIMETypes() {
+        return Collections.singletonList("image/tiff");
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Test that all BigTIFFs are decoded equal to the classic TIFF
+
+    // TODO: Test metadata
+}

imageio/imageio-tiff/src/test/resources/bigtiff/BigTIFFSamples.html

@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+<html>
+  <head>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <p>
+      These images were created by <a href="http://www.awaresystems.be/">AWare Systems</a>.
+    </p>
+    <h1>Index</h1>
+    <p>
+      <a href="#classic">Classic.tif</a><br>
+      <a href="#bigtiff">BigTIFF.tif</a><br>
+      <a href="#bigtiffmotorola">BigTIFFMotorola.tif</a><br>
+      <a href="#bigtifflong">BigTIFFLong.tif</a><br>
+      <a href="#bigtifflong8">BigTIFFLong8.tif</a><br>
+      <a href="#bigtiffmotorolalongstrips">BigTIFFMotorolaLongStrips.tif</a><br>
+      <a href="#bigtifflong8tiles">BigTIFFLong8Tiles.tif</a><br>
+      <a href="#bigtiffsubifd4">BigTIFFSubIFD4.tif</a><br>
+      <a href="#bigtiffsubifd8">BigTIFFSubIFD8.tif</a><br>
+    </p>
+    <h1 id="classic">Classic.tif</h1>
+    <p>
+      Classic.tif is a basic Classic TIFF file. All files in this package have the same actual image content,
+      so this TIFF file serves as a reference.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Format: Classic TIFF<br>
+      Byte Order: Intel<br>
+      Ifd Offset: 12302<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageWidth (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageLength (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BitsPerSample (3  Short): 8, 8, 8<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PhotometricInterpretation (1  Short): RGB<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripOffsets (1  Short): 8<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SamplesPerPixel (1  Short): 3<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;RowsPerStrip (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripByteCounts (1  Short): 12288<br>
+    </p>
+    <h1 id="bigtiff">BigTIFF.tif</h1>
+    <p>
+      BigTIFF.tif ressembles Classic.tif as close as possible. Except that it's a BigTIFF, that is...
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Format: BigTIFF<br>
+      Byte Order: Intel<br>
+      Ifd Offset: 12304<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageWidth (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageLength (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BitsPerSample (3  Short): 8, 8, 8<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PhotometricInterpretation (1  Short): RGB<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripOffsets (1  Short): 16<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SamplesPerPixel (1  Short): 3<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;RowsPerStrip (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripByteCounts (1  Short): 12288<br>
+    </p>
+    <h1 id="bigtiffmotorola">BigTIFFMotorola.tif</h1>
+    <p>
+      BigTIFFMotorola.tif reverses the byte order.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Format: BigTIFF<br>
+      Byte Order: Motorola<br>
+      Ifd Offset: 12304<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageWidth (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageLength (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BitsPerSample (3  Short): 8, 8, 8<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PhotometricInterpretation (1  Short): RGB<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripOffsets (1  Short): 16<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SamplesPerPixel (1  Short): 3<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;RowsPerStrip (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripByteCounts (1  Short): 12288<br>
+    </p>
+    <h1 id="bigtifflong">BigTIFFLong.tif</h1>
+    <p>
+      All previous TIFFs specify DataType Short for StripOffsets and StripByteCounts tags. This BigTIFF instead specifies DataType Long, for these tags.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Format: BigTIFF<br>
+      Byte Order: Intel<br>
+      Ifd Offset: 12304<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageWidth (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageLength (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BitsPerSample (3  Short): 8, 8, 8<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PhotometricInterpretation (1  Short): RGB<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripOffsets (1  Long): 16<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SamplesPerPixel (1  Short): 3<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;RowsPerStrip (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripByteCounts (1  Long): 12288<br>
+    </p>
+    <h1 id="bigtifflong8">BigTIFFLong8.tif</h1>
+    <p>
+      This next one specifies DataType Long8, for StripOffsets and StripByteCounts tags.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Format: BigTIFF<br>
+      Byte Order: Intel<br>
+      Ifd Offset: 12304<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageWidth (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageLength (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BitsPerSample (3  Short): 8, 8, 8<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PhotometricInterpretation (1  Short): RGB<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripOffsets (1  Long8): 16<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SamplesPerPixel (1  Short): 3<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;RowsPerStrip (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripByteCounts (1  Long8): 12288<br>
+    </p>
+    <h1 id="bigtiffmotorolalongstrips">BigTIFFMotorolaLongStrips.tif</h1>
+    <p>
+      This BigTIFF has Motorola byte order, plus, it's divided over two strips. StripOffsets and StripByteCounts tags have DataType Long, so their actual value fits inside the IFD.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Format: BigTIFF<br>
+      Byte Order: Motorola<br>
+      Ifd Offset: 12304<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageWidth (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageLength (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BitsPerSample (3  Short): 8, 8, 8<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PhotometricInterpretation (1  Short): RGB<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripOffsets (2  Long): 16, 6160<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SamplesPerPixel (1  Short): 3<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;RowsPerStrip (1  Short): 32<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripByteCounts (2  Long): 6144, 6144<br>
+    </p>
+    <h1 id="bigtifflong8tiles">BigTIFFLong8Tiles.tif</h1>
+    <p>
+      BigTIFFLong8Tiles.tif is a tiled BigTIFF. TileOffsets and TileByteCounts tags specify DataType Long8.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Format: BigTIFF<br>
+      Byte Order: Intel<br>
+      Ifd Offset: 12368<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageWidth (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageLength (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BitsPerSample (3  Short): 8, 8, 8<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PhotometricInterpretation (1  Short): RGB<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SamplesPerPixel (1  Short): 3<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;TileWidth (1  Short): 32<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;TileLength (1  Short): 32<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;TileOffsets (4  Long8): 16, 3088, 6160, 9232<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;TileByteCounts (4  Long8): 3072, 3072, 3072, 3072<br>
+    </p>
+    <h1 id="bigtiffsubifd4">BigTIFFSubIFD4.tif</h1>
+    <p>
+      This BigTIFF contains two pages, the second page showing almost the same image content as the first, except that the black square is white, and text color is black.
+      Both pages point to a downsample SubIFD, using SubIFDs DataType TIFF_IFD.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Format: BigTIFF<br>
+      Byte Order: Intel<br>
+      Ifd Offset: 15572<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageWidth (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageLength (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BitsPerSample (3  Short): 8, 8, 8<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PhotometricInterpretation (1  Short): RGB<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripOffsets (1  Short): 3284<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SamplesPerPixel (1  Short): 3<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;RowsPerStrip (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripByteCounts (1  Short): 12288<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SubIFDs (1  IFD): 3088<br>
+      SubIfd Offset: 3088<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;NewSubFileType (1  Long): 1<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageWidth (1  Short): 32<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageLength (1  Short): 32<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BitsPerSample (3  Short): 8, 8, 8<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PhotometricInterpretation (1  Short): RGB<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripOffsets (1  Short): 16<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SamplesPerPixel (1  Short): 3<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;RowsPerStrip (1  Short): 32<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripByteCounts (1  Short): 3072<br>
+      Ifd Offset: 31324<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageWidth (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageLength (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BitsPerSample (3  Short): 8, 8, 8<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PhotometricInterpretation (1  Short): RGB<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripOffsets (1  Short): 19036<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SamplesPerPixel (1  Short): 3<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;RowsPerStrip (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripByteCounts (1  Short): 12288<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SubIFDs (1  IFD): 18840<br>
+      SubIfd Offset: 18840<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;NewSubFileType (1  Long): 1<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageWidth (1  Short): 32<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageLength (1  Short): 32<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BitsPerSample (3  Short): 8, 8, 8<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PhotometricInterpretation (1  Short): RGB<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripOffsets (1  Short): 15768<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SamplesPerPixel (1  Short): 3<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;RowsPerStrip (1  Short): 32<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripByteCounts (1  Short): 3072<br>
+    </p>
+    <h1 id="bigtiffsubifd8">BigTIFFSubIFD8.tif</h1>
+    <p>
+      BigTIFFSubIFD4.tif is very much the same as BigTIFFSubIFD4.tif, except that the new DataType TIFF_IFD8 is used for the SubIFDs tag.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Format: BigTIFF<br>
+      Byte Order: Intel<br>
+      Ifd Offset: 15572<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageWidth (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageLength (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BitsPerSample (3  Short): 8, 8, 8<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PhotometricInterpretation (1  Short): RGB<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripOffsets (1  Short): 3284<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SamplesPerPixel (1  Short): 3<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;RowsPerStrip (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripByteCounts (1  Short): 12288<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SubIFDs (1  IFD8): 3088<br>
+      SubIfd Offset: 3088<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;NewSubFileType (1  Long): 1<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageWidth (1  Short): 32<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageLength (1  Short): 32<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BitsPerSample (3  Short): 8, 8, 8<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PhotometricInterpretation (1  Short): RGB<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripOffsets (1  Short): 16<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SamplesPerPixel (1  Short): 3<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;RowsPerStrip (1  Short): 32<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripByteCounts (1  Short): 3072<br>
+      Ifd Offset: 31324<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageWidth (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageLength (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BitsPerSample (3  Short): 8, 8, 8<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PhotometricInterpretation (1  Short): RGB<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripOffsets (1  Short): 19036<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SamplesPerPixel (1  Short): 3<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;RowsPerStrip (1  Short): 64<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripByteCounts (1  Short): 12288<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SubIFDs (1  IFD8): 18840<br>
+      SubIfd Offset: 18840<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;NewSubFileType (1  Long): 1<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageWidth (1  Short): 32<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ImageLength (1  Short): 32<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BitsPerSample (3  Short): 8, 8, 8<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PhotometricInterpretation (1  Short): RGB<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripOffsets (1  Short): 15768<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SamplesPerPixel (1  Short): 3<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;RowsPerStrip (1  Short): 32<br>
+      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;StripByteCounts (1  Short): 3072<br>
+    </p>
+  </body>
+</html>