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# Contribution Guidelines
Feel free to work on any issue with a #hacktoberfest label.
If you discover an issue you would like to work on, you can add a new issue to the list. If it meets our criteria, a hacktoberfest label will be added.
# Who is allowed to submit pull requests for this project?
Anyone can submit pull requests for code, tests, or documentation.
# How do you decide which pull requests to accept?
* Does it call out a bug that needs to be fixed? If so, it goes to the top of the list.
* Does it fix a major user inconvenience? These are given high priority as well.
* Does it align with the specs? If not, it will probably not be accepted. It turns out there are gray areas in the specs. If this is in a gray area, it will likely be given the benefit of the doubt.
* Does it break the existing behavior of the lib? If so, it will not be accepted, unless it fixes an egregious bug. This is happening less frequently now.
# For more guidance, see these links:
[README.md (includes build instructions)](https://github.com/stleary/JSON-java#readme)
[FAQ - all your questions answered](https://github.com/stleary/JSON-java/wiki/FAQ)

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# Files
**JSONObject.java**: The `JSONObject` can parse text from a `String` or a `JSONTokener`
to produce a map-like object. The object provides methods for manipulating its
contents, and for producing a JSON compliant object serialization.
**JSONArray.java**: The `JSONArray` can parse text from a String or a `JSONTokener`
to produce a vector-like object. The object provides methods for manipulating
its contents, and for producing a JSON compliant array serialization.
**JSONTokener.java**: The `JSONTokener` breaks a text into a sequence of individual
tokens. It can be constructed from a `String`, `Reader`, or `InputStream`. It also can
parse text from a `String`, `Number`, `Boolean` or `null` like `"hello"`, `42`, `true`,
`null` to produce a simple json object.
**JSONException.java**: The `JSONException` is the standard exception type thrown
by this package.
**JSONPointer.java**: Implementation of
[JSON Pointer (RFC 6901)](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901). Supports
JSON Pointers both in the form of string representation and URI fragment
representation.
**JSONPropertyIgnore.java**: Annotation class that can be used on Java Bean getter methods.
When used on a bean method that would normally be serialized into a `JSONObject`, it
overrides the getter-to-key-name logic and forces the property to be excluded from the
resulting `JSONObject`.
**JSONPropertyName.java**: Annotation class that can be used on Java Bean getter methods.
When used on a bean method that would normally be serialized into a `JSONObject`, it
overrides the getter-to-key-name logic and uses the value of the annotation. The Bean
processor will look through the class hierarchy. This means you can use the annotation on
a base class or interface and the value of the annotation will be used even if the getter
is overridden in a child class.
**JSONString.java**: The `JSONString` interface requires a `toJSONString` method,
allowing an object to provide its own serialization.
**JSONStringer.java**: The `JSONStringer` provides a convenient facility for
building JSON strings.
**JSONWriter.java**: The `JSONWriter` provides a convenient facility for building
JSON text through a writer.
**CDL.java**: `CDL` provides support for converting between JSON and comma
delimited lists.
**Cookie.java**: `Cookie` provides support for converting between JSON and cookies.
**CookieList.java**: `CookieList` provides support for converting between JSON and
cookie lists.
**HTTP.java**: `HTTP` provides support for converting between JSON and HTTP headers.
**HTTPTokener.java**: `HTTPTokener` extends `JSONTokener` for parsing HTTP headers.
**XML.java**: `XML` provides support for converting between JSON and XML.
**JSONML.java**: `JSONML` provides support for converting between JSONML and XML.
**XMLTokener.java**: `XMLTokener` extends `JSONTokener` for parsing XML text.

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# Notes
**Recent directory structure change**
_Due to a recent commit - [#515 Merge tests and pom and code](https://github.com/stleary/JSON-java/pull/515) - the structure of the project has changed from a flat directory containing all of the Java files to a directory structure that includes unit tests and several tools used to build the project jar and run the unit tests. If you have difficulty using the new structure, please open an issue so we can work through it._
**Implementation notes**
Numeric types in this package comply with
[ECMA-404: The JSON Data Interchange Format](http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/ECMA-404.pdf) and
[RFC 8259: The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data Interchange Format](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259#section-6).
This package fully supports `Integer`, `Long`, and `Double` Java types. Partial support
for `BigInteger` and `BigDecimal` values in `JSONObject` and `JSONArray` objects is provided
in the form of `get()`, `opt()`, and `put()` API methods.
Although 1.6 compatibility is currently supported, it is not a project goal and might be
removed in some future release.
In compliance with RFC8259 page 10 section 9, the parser is more lax with what is valid
JSON then the Generator. For Example, the tab character (U+0009) is allowed when reading
JSON Text strings, but when output by the Generator, the tab is properly converted to \t in
the string. Other instances may occur where reading invalid JSON text does not cause an
error to be generated. Malformed JSON Texts such as missing end " (quote) on strings or
invalid number formats (1.2e6.3) will cause errors as such documents can not be read
reliably.
Some notable exceptions that the JSON Parser in this library accepts are:
* Unquoted keys `{ key: "value" }`
* Unquoted values `{ "key": value }`
* Unescaped literals like "tab" in string values `{ "key": "value with an unescaped tab" }`
* Numbers out of range for `Double` or `Long` are parsed as strings
Recent pull requests added a new method `putAll` on the JSONArray. The `putAll` method
works similarly to other `put` methods in that it does not call `JSONObject.wrap` for items
added. This can lead to inconsistent object representation in JSONArray structures.
For example, code like this will create a mixed JSONArray, some items wrapped, others
not:
```java
SomeBean[] myArr = new SomeBean[]{ new SomeBean(1), new SomeBean(2) };
// these will be wrapped
JSONArray jArr = new JSONArray(myArr);
// these will not be wrapped
jArr.putAll(new SomeBean[]{ new SomeBean(3), new SomeBean(4) });
```
For structure consistency, it would be recommended that the above code is changed
to look like 1 of 2 ways.
Option 1:
```Java
SomeBean[] myArr = new SomeBean[]{ new SomeBean(1), new SomeBean(2) };
JSONArray jArr = new JSONArray();
// these will not be wrapped
jArr.putAll(myArr);
// these will not be wrapped
jArr.putAll(new SomeBean[]{ new SomeBean(3), new SomeBean(4) });
// our jArr is now consistent.
```
Option 2:
```Java
SomeBean[] myArr = new SomeBean[]{ new SomeBean(1), new SomeBean(2) };
// these will be wrapped
JSONArray jArr = new JSONArray(myArr);
// these will be wrapped
jArr.putAll(new JSONArray(new SomeBean[]{ new SomeBean(3), new SomeBean(4) }));
// our jArr is now consistent.
```
**Unit Test Conventions**
Test filenames should consist of the name of the module being tested, with the suffix "Test".
For example, <b>Cookie.java</b> is tested by <b>CookieTest.java</b>.
<b>The fundamental issues with JSON-Java testing are:</b><br>
* <b>JSONObjects</b> are unordered, making simple string comparison ineffective.
* Comparisons via **equals()** is not currently supported. Neither <b>JSONArray</b> nor <b>JSONObject</b> override <b>hashCode()</b> or <b>equals()</b>, so comparison defaults to the <b>Object</b> equals(), which is not useful.
* Access to the <b>JSONArray</b> and <b>JSONObject</b> internal containers for comparison is not currently available.
<b>General issues with unit testing are:</b><br>
* Just writing tests to make coverage goals tends to result in poor tests.
* Unit tests are a form of documentation - how a given method works is demonstrated by the test. So for a code reviewer or future developer looking at code a good test helps explain how a function is supposed to work according to the original author. This can be difficult if you are not the original developer.
* It is difficult to evaluate unit tests in a vacuum. You also need to see the code being tested to understand if a test is good.
* Without unit tests, it is hard to feel confident about the quality of the code, especially when fixing bugs or refactoring. Good tests prevent regressions and keep the intent of the code correct.
* If you have unit test results along with pull requests, the reviewer has an easier time understanding your code and determining if it works as intended.

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# Release history:
JSON-java releases can be found by searching the Maven repository for groupId "org.json"
and artifactId "json". For example:
[https://search.maven.org/search?q=g:org.json%20AND%20a:json&core=gav](https://search.maven.org/search?q=g:org.json%20AND%20a:json&core=gav)
~~~
20210307 Recent commits and potentially breaking fix to JSONPointer
20201115 Recent commits and first release after project structure change
20200518 Recent commits and snapshot before project structure change
20190722 Recent commits
20180813 POM change to include Automatic-Module-Name (#431)
20180130 Recent commits
20171018 Checkpoint for recent commits.
20170516 Roll up recent commits.
20160810 Revert code that was breaking opt*() methods.
20160807 This release contains a bug in the JSONObject.opt*() and JSONArray.opt*() methods,
it is not recommended for use.
Java 1.6 compatability fixed, JSONArray.toList() and JSONObject.toMap(),
RFC4180 compatibility, JSONPointer, some exception fixes, optional XML type conversion.
Contains the latest code as of 7 Aug 2016
20160212 Java 1.6 compatibility, OSGi bundle. Contains the latest code as of 12 Feb 2016.
20151123 JSONObject and JSONArray initialization with generics. Contains the latest code as of 23 Nov 2015.
20150729 Checkpoint for Maven central repository release. Contains the latest code
as of 29 July 2015.
~~~

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# Security Policy
## Reporting a Vulnerability
Please follow the instructions in the ["How are vulnerabilities and exploits handled?"](https://github.com/stleary/JSON-java/wiki/FAQ#how-are-vulnerabilities-and-exploits-handled) section in the FAQ.